NAD vs. NAD+ vs. NADH... What’s the Difference?
Posted
Updated September 08, 2025
So you realize you need support for your cells as you age.
You realize you need a boost in your NAD levels to do so. However, you are hearing a few terms thrown around and it may be causing you to be a bit confused?
We're here to explain what NAD+ is, why you need it and what the heck is the difference between NADH and NAD.
NAD+ is short for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. This coenzyme is essential to reactions happening in every living cell (coenzymes work with enzymes to speed up a specific chemical reaction).
NAD+ is the molecule/coenzyme that is needed for over 500 enzymatic reactions and plays key roles in the regulation of almost all major biological processes. No wonder it’s vital to cellular health and cellular repair. However, it’s this molecule that is crucial to become NADH, which is the molecule that is used by the body to bring what is needed to the cells.
So we need NAD+ to make the NADH.
Here’s the science...
NAD+ and NADH are really the same molecule but undergone a transformation.
In the body, it starts as NAD. NAD is a key component in the energy-making process by the mitochondria of our cells, each living cell’s powerhouse.
A low NAD to NADH ratio has been linked to mitochondrial dysfunction and accelerated aging.
NAD is first introduced in this energy cycle as NAD+.
This acts like a car ready to pick up a passenger. It comes along and picks up a hydrogen molecule with two charged electrons … making it NADH.
NADH’s primary purpose is to bring these charged electrons to the mitochondrial enzymes needed for the energy-making process (the plus sign is removed because negatively charged hydrogen molecule cancels the positively charged NAD+ molecule).
Once NADH gets to the enzyme, it drops off the electrons (expels the hydrogen atom) and becomes NAD+ again.
Now NAD+ is back to being that car ready to pick up a new passenger.
KEY LEARNING: Generating more NAD+ will generate more NADH. However, NAD+ is really what your cells are building when you use an NAD+ Booster, and now you can see why that specific molecule is what your body needs.
Whenever you see the term NAD, what that’s really encompassing is a process and not just one definitive molecule. NAD is found as two different molecular structures: NAD+ and NADH.
You might see the terms NAD, NAD+, and NADH used interchangeably online and on store shelves. “NAD” is a collective term that defines the different forms NAD takes on its molecular journey.
NAD+ and NADH are just two versions of the same compound, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. NAD+ represents the oxidized form of NAD, meaning it has lost an electron. Gaining and losing an electron like this is called a redox reaction. NADH represents the reduced form of NAD, meaning it has regained the lost electron and is ready to transport it to a different molecule.
Generating more NAD+ will naturally generate more NADH.
To keep your cells healthy and to benefit from longer cellular vitality, taking a supplement to boost NAD+ is ideal.
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The World Health Organization has declared COVID-19 a global pandemic. While this is unprecedented in modern times and sounds really scary, medical experts around the world are working to slow the spread while a vaccine is created. To help protect ourselves and our loved ones, let's remember to follow their recommendations and make small changes to our daily routines and interactions, including: Washing your hands frequently with soap and water Practicing social distancing (6 feet distance between yourself and others) Avoid touching your eyes, nose and mouth Covering your mouth and nose with a tissue or bent elbow when you cough or sneeze Because of the nature of this virus, those who are most at risk are the elderly and those with compromised or weakened immune systems. For the greater good, it is important for all of us to be vigilant about both contracting the virus and spreading it. For more information on the latest from the WHO, visit their website. 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Some other properties that make Quercetin a great immune support are: It is anti-inflammatory: Quercetin can modulate the expression of pro-inflammatory factors, one major one being TNF-alpha. By doing this, it causes an anti-inflammatory effect by suppressing inflammatory markers [2]. It's shown promise as an antiviral: Quercetin stays in circulation for an extended time while providing protection. Past research has shown quercetin to inhibit entry of a virus into human cells, including such viruses as Influenza A [3]. Mushrooms You know we love a good 'shroom. While we can go on and on about them for days, let's keep it to the top 2! Shiitake: Shiitake mushrooms have been proven to build blood cells [4]. Production of white blood cells in particular (aka. what is in your immune system!) is aided by shiitakes. Cordyceps: Like shiitake, these are great for building immune cells in the human body [4]. Cordyceps have antiviral, anti-inflammatory, AND antioxidant properties. They can also help combat fatigue. Summing it up, if your immune system is strong, you are more likely to be able to fight off viruses! Bee Propolis When we breathe in pathogens (like bacteria or viruses), they come into contact with our tonsils. Our tonsils, along with enzymes in our oral mucosa, will fight off pathogens and protect the body from them. A spray like Bee Propolis is the perfect companion on a flight! Use it to help fight bad bacteria and viruses, especially when stuck on a plane breathing in recycled air. Bee Propolis is antiviral, antifungal and antibacterial. Used in a tincture or a spray, it will help support the body during times of sickness threats [5]. Thanks, bees! NAC NAC is a precursor for glutathione, one of the most potent antioxidants in the human body, which helps support any stress the body is going under. It has been shown to improve signs of upper respiratory distress and lung functioning. If you've been following the news, you'll remember respiratory distress is one of the main concerns related to COVID-19. Bone Broth A good diet is probably the number one defense against anything viral. Good diet, exercise and sleep is key. Bone Broth provides our bodies with the vitamins and minerals we need to keep everything working well. So while you're practicing social distancing: Netflix and sip Bone Broth – doctor’s orders! Garlic Garlic is a potent source of allicin, known for its benefits to heart health and traditionally reducing infections of the respiratory tract. It’s a commonly used antiviral and antioxidant. Things might feel a little bit out of our control, but what we can stay on top of is our own actions and doing our best to keep our immune systems in tip-top shape. This can be a nerve-wracking time. It is more important than ever to take care of yourself and those around you. Stay well! Resources Morand C, Crespy V, Manach C, Besson C, Demigne C, Remesy C. Plasma metabolites of quercetin and their antioxidant properties. American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology. 1998 Jul 1;275(1):R212-9. Nair MP, Mahajan S, Reynolds JL, Aalinkeel R, Nair H, Schwartz SA, Kandaswami C. The flavonoid quercetin inhibits proinflammatory cytokine (tumor necrosis factor alpha) gene expression in normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells via modulation of the NF-κβ system. Clin. Vaccine Immunol.. 2006 Mar 1;13(3):319-28. Wu W, Li R, Li X, He J, Jiang S, Liu S, Yang J. Quercetin as an antiviral agent inhibits influenza A virus (IAV) entry. Viruses. 2016 Jan;8(1):6. Guggenheim AG, Wright KM, Zwickey HL. Immune modulation from five major mushrooms: application to integrative oncology. Integrative Medicine: A Clinician's Journal. 2014 Feb;13(1):32. Lotfy M. Biological activity of bee propolis in health and disease. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2006;7(1):22-31.
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